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Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the south-east by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.…

Suriname, officially known as the Republic of Surinam, is a country in northern South America. It is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the north. Suriname was first colonised…

The United States of America (commonly called the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and The States) is a federal constitutional republic consisting of fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North…

The Kingdom of Bhutan (འབྲུག་ཡུལ་) (which used to be one of the most isolated nations in the world) is located at the eastern end of the Himalaya Mountains between India and China. The Bhutanese call their country Druk Yul. The landscape ranges…

Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា), the successor state of the once powerful Hindu and Buddhist Khmer Empire, has an area of about 180,000 km², sharing border with Thailand in the north and west, Laos in the north-east, and Vietnam in the east and…

China, officially the People’s Republic of China (中華人民共和國), is a sovereign state located in East Asia. It is the world’s most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion. The PRC is a single-party state governed by the Communist…

Tibet (བོད), the Roof of the World with an average altitude of 4,900 m, is the highest region on Earth. Songtsen Gampo unified Tibet first in the 7^th century. This once independent kingdom located north of the Himalayas is today part of China. The…

India (भारत गणराज्य), officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by…

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنّيّة الهاشميّة), an Arab country in Southwest Asia, is spanning the southern part of the Rub Al Kali down to the Gulf of Aqaba. A large part of Jordan is covered by deserts (like the Wadi Rum). Jordan…

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Қазақстан Республикасы), is a contiguous transcontinental country in Central Asia, with its smaller part west of the Ural River in Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world’s largest landlocked…

Laos, officially the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the north-west, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the…

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (ပြည်ထောင် စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်) and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in South East Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. About one third of Myanmar’s…

Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रात्मक नेपाल), is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. With an area of 147,181 km² and a population of approximately 27 million, Nepal is the…

Vietnam (Cộng hoà Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia and is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the north-west, Cambodia to the south-west, and the South China Sea to the east.

Yemen: The Republic of Yemen (ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﯾّﺔ اليمنية) in the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia was between 2200 BC and the 6^th century AD part of several kingdoms like the Sabaean one. Islamic caliphs began in the 7^th century to control the area.…

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU’s headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium…

France, officially the French Republic, is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France…

Alpes-Maritimes is a department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region in the extreme south-east corner of France. The inhabitants of the department are called Maralpins, but are usually referred as Azuréens (inhabitants of the Côte d’Azur).

Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area (8,280 km²), and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan…

French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France on the north Atlantic coast of South America. It borders Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its 83,534 km² area has a very low population density of less than 3…

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a federal parliamentary republic in west-central Europe. The country consists of 16 states, and its capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany…

Munich (München) is the capital and the largest city of the German state of Bavaria. It is located on the Isar River north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, behind Berlin and Hamburg. About 1.42 million people live…

Greece (Ελλάδα), officially the Hellenic Republic and known since ancient times as Hellas, is a country in Southeast Europe. Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Western Asia, and Africa, and shares land borders with…

Iceland is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of 332,529 and an area of 103,000 km², making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.…

Italy, officially Repubblica Italiana, is a country located partly on the European Continent and partly on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its…

Abruzzo is a region in central Italy, its western border lying less than 80 km east of Rome. Abruzzo borders the region of Marche to the north, Lazio to the west and south-west, Molise to the south-east, and the Adriatic Sea to the east.…

Apulia is a region of Italy in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the south-east, and the Strait of Otranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south. Its southernmost portion, known as Salento peninsula, forms a high…

Basilicata, also known as Lucania, is a region in the south of Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Apulia (Puglia) to the north and east, and Calabria to the south, having one short south-western coastline on the Tyrrhenian Sea between…

Calabria, known in antiquity as Bruttium or formerly as Italia, is a region in southern Italy, forming the “toe” of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro. The most populated city and the seat of the Calabrian Regional…

Campania is a region in southern Italy. The region has a population of around 5.8 million people, making it the second most populous region of Italy; its total area of 13,590 km² makes it the most densely populated region in the country. Located…

Emilia-Romagna is an administrative Region of Northern Italy, comprising the former regions of Emilia and Romagna. It has an area of 22,446 km², and about 4.4 million inhabitants. Emilia-Romagna is one of the richest, most developed regions in…

Lazio is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country. With about 5.7 million residents and a GDP of more than 170 billion euros, Lazio is the third most populated region of Italy, and…

Rome is the capital of Italy and also of the homonymous province and of the region of Lazio. With 2.7 million residents in 1,285.3 km², it is also the country’s largest and most populated municipality and fourth most populous city in the European…

Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, where Genoa is the capital. The region is popular with tourists for its beaches, towns, and cuisine. Liguria is bordered by France to the west, Piedmont to the north, and Emilia-Romagna and…

The Cinque Terre is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera, in the Liguria region of Italy. “The Five Lands” comprises five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages,…

Molise is a region of Southern Italy. Until 1963, it formed part of the region of Abruzzi e Molise, alongside the region of Abruzzo. The split, which did not become effective until 1970, makes Molise the newest region in Italy. The region covers…

Tuscany is a region in central Italy with an area of about 23,000 km² and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (Firenze). Tuscany is known for its landscapes, traditions, history, artistic legacy and its…

Umbria is a region of historic and modern central Italy. It is the only region having neither a coastline nor a common border with other countries; however, the region includes the Lake Trasimeno and is crossed by the Tiber River. The regional…

Veneto is one of the twenty regions of Italy. Its population is about five million, ranking fifth in Italy. The region’s capital and largest city is Venice. Veneto, as part of the Republic of Venice, had been an independent state for more than a…

The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and…

Russia, also officially known as the Russian Federation (Росси́йская Федера́ция), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From north-west to south-east, Russia shares borders…

Vatican City, or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome. It has an area of approximately 44 hectares, and a…